History of Prison Island
Prison Island, also known as Changuu Island, carries one of East Africa's most sobering historical narratives. Located just 5.6 kilometers northwest of Stone Town, this small island served multiple grim purposes that reflect Zanzibar's complex colonial past.
Originally given to Arab slave owners by Sultan Majid bin Said in the mid-19th century, the island became a detention center for rebellious slaves before they were shipped abroad or sold at Stone Town's notorious slave market. The coral stone buildings you'll explore today were constructed in 1894 as a prison for violent criminals, though they were never actually used for that purpose.
Under British administration, the island transformed into a quarantine station to protect Stone Town from yellow fever and bubonic plague. Those suspected of carrying infectious diseases spent 1-2 weeks here under medical supervision. During quieter months, particularly December to March, the British converted it into a leisure resort for Europeans and local residents.
Visiting the Ruins Today
The weathered prison complex and quarantine facilities stand as evocative reminders of this layered history. Walking through the abandoned cells and hospital rooms, you can almost feel the weight of the stories these walls could tell. The overgrown vegetation creeping across the coral stone structures creates an atmospheric setting that speaks to the island's gradual reclamation by nature.
A local guide brings these ruins to life with stories and historical context that you simply can't get from exploring alone. We recommend combining your visit with Stone Town's slave market memorial for a complete understanding of this difficult but important chapter in East African history.
Meeting the Aldabra Giant Tortoises
Prison Island's most famous residents arrived as a diplomatic gift in the late 19th century, when the Governor of Seychelles presented four Aldabra giant tortoises to Zanzibar. These gentle giants quickly made themselves at home, and by 1897 their population had grown to around 100 individuals roaming freely across the island.
The story takes a darker turn in the latter half of the 20th century, when poaching reduced their numbers to just seven survivors. Fortunately, a conservation effort in 1996 brought 80 hatchlings to the island for protection, helping secure the future of these remarkable creatures.
Today, you can walk among these ancient animals in their protected sanctuary, watching them lumber across the landscape as they munch on vegetation or bask in the tropical sun. The oldest resident is estimated to be over 100 years old, and some of the larger individuals can weigh up to 200 kilograms.
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Coral Gardens Around Prison Island
The waters surrounding Prison Island offer delightful snorkeling opportunities, though they're more suited to beginners or those seeking a gentle introduction to Zanzibar's underwater world. The coral reefs here sit close to the surface in crystal-clear water, making them easily accessible during the 20-30 minute boat journey from Stone Town.
While Prison Island's reefs may not match the spectacular diversity of Mnemba Island or the Menai Bay Conservation Area, they still harbor colorful tropical fish and provide excellent visibility for underwater exploration. The shallow, protected waters create ideal conditions for relaxed snorkeling, especially when combined with a visit to see the giant Aldabra tortoises on the island itself.
Prison Island FAQs
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What is the best time to visit Prison Island?
The optimal time is during Zanzibar's dry seasons: June - October offers pleasant temperatures around 25-28°C with low humidity and calm seas, while December to February provides hot, sunny weather with excellent snorkeling visibility.
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How do I get to Prison Island from Stone Town?
Prison Island is located 5.6 km northwest of Stone Town with boat trips taking 20-30 minutes from Forodhani Gardens or other Stone Town piers. Boats can be arranged through hotels, tour operators, or directly from the waterfront.
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What are the main attractions on Prison Island?
The island features ruins of the 1893 prison complex that never housed prisoners, plus a Giant Aldabra Tortoise sanctuary with tortoises over 100 years old weighing up to 200 kg. Clear shallow waters offer excellent swimming and snorkeling opportunities with tropical fish and coral formations.
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How long should I plan for a Prison Island visit?
A typical visit lasts 2.5-3 hours for the island tour itself, or 5-9 hours when combined with other activities like Nakupenda Sandbank or Stone Town exploration. Most travelers visit as a half-day excursion from Stone Town.
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Can I stay overnight on Prison Island?
The only accommodation is Changuu Island Lodge with 27 rooms across cottages in two locations. Most visitors prefer day trips from Stone Town, which offers a broader range of hotels and dining options.
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